Periodontal (gum) disease is a severe bacterial infection that can potentially destroy the gums and surrounding tissues. The main cause of gum disease is a build-up of bacteria-containing plaque that eventually hardens and turns into tarter. Plaque thrives when left to fester in the mouth, and bacteria can eventually seep into the gums and cause a bad infection.
Gum disease can strike anyone and any age. When it occurs during childhood, it’s even more crucial to diagnose and treat it early to preserve the gums and teeth. Children are usually diagnosed with the mildest form of the disease known as gingivitis.
According to the Academy of Periodontology, the three types of gum disease commonly seen in kid include:
Chronic Gingivitis: Good news, this is the mildest form, and it’s very preventable and treatable with good oral hygiene. Common signs are swollen, red, and sometimes bleeding gums. If left untreated, gingivitis can escalate to a more serious condition.
Aggressive Periodontitis: This type of gum disease often affects the first molars and incisors of otherwise healthy teens and adolescents. While it usually involves minimal plaque/tartar build-up, localized aggressive periodontitis can lead to severe loss of alveolar bone, where the tooth is connected to the socket.
Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis: In this case, it commonly occurs during puberty and affects the entire mouth. Gums become severely inflamed, and there is a significant accumulation of plaque and tartar, which can cause the teeth to loosen and fall out.
While it’s not unheard of to randomly develop gum disease, there are many factors that increase a person’s risk. Poor oral hygiene is typically the number one cause, but others include:
- Autoimmune and systemic diseases
- Bruxism (teeth clenching and grinding)
- Certain medicines
- Diabetes
- Genetics
- Hormonal changes
- Mouth breathing (dries out gums/teeth)
- Poor diet
- Smoking and tobacco use
Puberty Perpetuates Periodontal Problems
The hormonal changes that occur during puberty can put teens at higher risk for developing gum disease due to the surging levels of hormones such as progesterone and estrogen that increase blood circulation to the gums. This can make gums more irritable and sensitive to trapped food particles and plaque. As puberty dwindles down, so does the likelihood of experiencing swollen and irritated gums.
Red Flags and Red Gums
Sometimes gum disease can go unnoticed and cause no pain or visible changes. The most telltale signs of gum disease are swollen and bright red gums that bleed during brushing and flossing. As the condition progresses, gums may recede and become filled with pus. Other symptoms include bad breath, extra spacing, loose teeth, and problems with bite/jaw alignment.
The best course of action for treating gum disease is to practice proper oral hygiene and visit the dentist for regular exams and cleanings. Deep cleanings known as “scaling and planing” may be necessary to thoroughly clean below the gum line. Medication to fight infection and surgical procedures are typically the last resort.
Early diagnosis and treatment of gum disease will ensure the most successful outcomes. If you have any questions or concerns regarding your child’s periodontal health, call us at 954-344-4488, or complete an online appointment request to schedule your consultation.